The Conquest of Mecca: A Defining Moment in Islamic History

In the year 630 CE (8 AH), one of the most significant events in Islamic history took place: the conquest of Mecca. This event marked the turning point for Islam, as the city that once persecuted the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers was now returning to them in peace.

The conquest was triggered when the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah by attacking an allied tribe of the Muslims. In response, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) assembled an army of approximately 10,000 devoted companions and marched towards Mecca. Unlike other conquests in history, this was an almost bloodless victory. The Prophet (PBUH) entered the city with unparalleled humility and mercy. Instead of seeking revenge against those who had opposed him for years, he granted a general amnesty.

Upon entering the Kaaba, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) removed all idols, restoring the sacred house to the worship of one God, Allah. This act signified the end of idolatry in Mecca and reinforced the core Islamic belief in monotheism. The conquest led to a wave of conversions, as the people of Mecca, moved by the Prophet’s character, accepted Islam wholeheartedly.

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Conquest of Mecca

The Final Message: The Farewell Sermon

Two years after the conquest, in 632 CE (10 AH), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed his only Hajj, known as the Farewell Pilgrimage. On the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, he delivered a historic sermon at the Plain of Arafat, addressing over 100,000 followers.

This sermon encapsulated the essence of Islam and emphasized key principles such as:

  • The sanctity of life, property, and honor.

  • Equality of all humans, regardless of race or status, with the famous declaration: "No Arab is superior to a non-Arab, and no non-Arab is superior to an Arab, except by piety."

  • The rights and respectful treatment of women.

  • The prohibition of usury (riba) and exploitation.

  • The importance of adhering to the Quran and Sunnah.

During the sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) asked the gathering: "Have I conveyed the message?" When they responded affirmatively, he raised his hands and said, "O Allah, be my witness." Shortly after, the following verse was revealed:

"Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen Islam as your religion." (Quran 5:3)

This verse signified the completion of Islam as a way of life for humanity.

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Farewell Sermon

Conclusion

The conquest of Mecca and the Farewell Sermon were pivotal moments that defined Islam's final message to mankind. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) exemplified mercy, justice, and humility, setting the foundation for a universal faith that transcended borders.